Sunday, March 12, 2023
The Kodaikanal Gandhi Prize 2022 - Radha Kumar
The Kodaikanal Gandhi Prize 2022 - The Prize Winners
The prize winners of the Kodaikanal Gandhi Prize 2022
THE PRIZE WINNERS
First Prize (shared)
DPS Navi Mumbai
DPS Chandigarh
Creative Expression (shared)
Awarded by the literary journal Out of Print
MAYO COLLEGE GIRL’S SCHOOL, Ajmer
MODY SCHOOL, Lakshmangarh
Second Prize (shared)
DPS Ludhiana
Third Prize (shared)
DPS NOIDA
DPS NOIDA
HONOURABLE MENTIONS
NEEV ACADEMY, Bangalore
DPS, HISAR
BRITISH COED HIGH SCHOOL, PATIALA
Kodaikanal Gandhi Prize 2022, First Prize - Mehuli Goswami
The Kodaikanal Gandhi Prize 2022
First Prize
(shared)
MEHULI GOSWAMI
Revisiting the Mahatma in the Age of Polarisation
Every page of the newspaper that I turn, fills my head with doubts and disappointments. Each page carries bold headlines etched like scars on paper, reporting instances of raging political extremism, intolerance, terrorism and callous hate speeches. Every morning my passive eyes scan through the pages and I purse my lips while my mind buzzes with thoughts of the grim reality and an over-darkened future. It makes me wonder if ‘leaders’ are becoming blind to the chaos ensuing in the world or if we are waiting for trouble to hit the roof till it’s time for action. These media reports showcase a clear reflection of our present society based on divisive affiliations devoid of humanity.
Somewhere amidst the hollow cries for rights, revolution and war, the essence of freedom and its subsequent responsibility lies forgotten. Activists, politicians, and citizens all raise a cry for individual liberty without first understanding that freedom is followed by immense responsibility. Everyone wants to claim his or her right to free speech, action and association without first determining their duties which are due to other fellow beings. This animalistic greed and absolutism are especially widespread in this era, attributes to easy access to the masses through the internet, revolutionised print media and numerous news channels. This stems from a place of collective insecurity where the only path of survival is by trampling upon your brethren. In India, it is evident by way of increased communal disharmony, militancy, hate speech, religious fundamentalism, fake news and majoritarian party politics.
The present social and political situation in our country reminds me of a great mind who claimed that individual rights and civil liberties must go hand in hand with societal harmony. With two World Wars fought in his lifetime, his revolutionary ideas of non-violence and satyagraha, seemed like an anachronism to an age drunk on retaliatory violence, mass destruction and brutal suppression. The ‘naked fakir’ as he was called in the West, held civil rights and individual liberty to the highest esteem, pioneering a nationalist movement based on the search for truth and non-violence. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi or the ‘Mahatma’ a name given by Rabindranath Tagore has left behind a crucial legacy affirming individual rights and liberties, which can be interpreted as a distinct message in today’s day and age.
Gandhiji said, ‘Freedom of speech and civil liberty, are the very roots of Swaraj. Without these the foundations of Swaraj will remain weak’. His unequivocal stance on these issues guided his non-violent struggle against colonial rule in twentieth-century India. As maintained by Gandhiji, the ideas of freedom, rights, duties and responsibility on the individual level were tributaries to the intangible river of Swaraj. For Gandhiji, the notion of Swaraj was interlinked to Satyagraha or the truth force, since it was the only means through which the masses could reclaim their rights and perform their duties. According to Mahatma Gandhi, ‘Swaraj’ or self-rule was a dual doctrine where the individual is granted autonomy and liberty to search for truth and take responsibility for various civil duties while the nation, as a whole, salvages its independence from foreign imperialism and establishes self-governance. Therefore, ‘Swaraj’, as described by Gandhiji, was not only comprised of self-governance but was based on the principles of a constantly evolving individual having an immense capacity for dispassionate self-assessment, self-reliance and self-mastery. Gandhiji proclaimed, ‘In the democracy that I have envisaged ... there will be equal freedom for all. Everybody will be his own master.’ For the Mahatma, freedom for each individual irrespective of his or her gender, social background, economic status, religious affiliation or ethnicity, was extremely vital. He observed, ‘Real Swaraj (freedom) will come, not by the acquisition of authority by a few, but by the acquisition of the capacity by all to resist authority when abused’. This magnanimous statement rings especially true when contrasted with the contemporary social and political scenario in India, where the rule of the majority seems to be drowning out the persistent whispers of the minority.
The Indian democratic framework, although based on the guiding principles of equality, freedom and secularism, is progressively shifting towards a more majoritarian approach. Instances of violence and virulence on communal lines have been increasing, ranging from the mass exodus of Kashmiri Pandits, the 2002 Gujarat Riots, to the recent incident where government officials tore down the homes of Muslim rioters when a clash broke out between Hindu and Muslim groups in Madhya Pradesh, the alleged use of spy software against politicians, the peremptory exercise of the colonial sedition statute and cursory hate speeches aimed at hurting religious sentiments. It has been quoted in the book named The Mahatma, Vol VI, ‘The rule of majority does not mean that it should suppress the opinion of even an individual if it is sound. The opinion of an individual should have greater weight than the opinion of many, if that opinion is sound on merits. That is my view of real democracy.’
Although, Gandhiji emphasised a stateless democratic society, for him tyranny of the majority was never a solution. The emphasis on the individual was so great in his philosophy that the opinion of the masses ranked lower than that of a person. Gandhian principles, therefore focus on the individual as the central driving force for all change achieved through persistent Satyagraha. Gandhiji mentioned in Young India, ‘The rule of majority has a narrow application, i.e., one should yield to the majority in matters of detail. But it is slavery to be amenable to the majority, no matter what its decisions are. Democracy is not a state in which people act like a sheep. Under democracy, individual liberty of opinion and action is jealously guarded. I therefore, believe that the minority has a perfect right to act differently from the majority.’
Gandhiji believed that freedom of speech, action, and association were the life force of a pluralistic and democratic society such as India. However, the exercise of these rights to suppress the voices of another was diametrically opposite to his philosophy. If the right to free speech or expression of one individual curtails the rights of another individual, it is not freedom at all but archaic and subtle domination. In this context, according to Gandhian philosophy, freedom is akin to a flimsy eye-wash attempting to cover up its absence and inadequacy.
Gandhiji led by example and propagated that banning certain destructive elements did not justify the elimination of rights or the vehement slaughter of human beings. He believed that prohibition must take place through constructive persuasion and gradual change in mentality rather than through coercive measures. M.K. Gandhi observed in Young India, ‘We must patiently try to bring round the minority to our view by gentle persuasion and argument.’
On the other hand, Mahatma Gandhi was against the formation of an autocratic minority who would ignore the needs and aspirations of the people to further their fanatic objectives. The solution to the limitations of a democratic society was not the emergence of a despotic minority community in retaliation to aggressive majoritarianism. The minority in this context must act like an interjector to the pre-eminence of the majority without the abuse of violence, virulent speech or schismatic policies. The superiority of the majority over the minority is as undemocratic as the security of privileges of minority communities over the rights of the general public.
The Constitution of India grants to the citizens of India, the fundamental right to freedom of speech and expression under Article 19 (1)(a). It implies that all citizens of the country have the right to express their views, opinions, beliefs etc. freely by mouth, writing, printing or through any other means. Article 19(1)(b) and 19 (1)(g) guarantee to its citizen, the right to free assembly without arms, to form unions, and to practice any profession or reside in any part of the country respectively. Nevertheless, the Constitution provides the above-mentioned rights within the context of reasonable restrictions to ensure that individual rights do not interfere with national security and the well-being of other citizens. However, the prevailing scenario highlights the fact that the significance of these restrictions is lost to political leaders as well as ordinary citizens. These rights were granted to amicably discuss and put forward multitudinous prospects to embody the spirit of pluralistic Indian society. The prime objective of the makers of the Constitution was to ensure that the State does not override the needs and aspirations of its citizens and instead acts as a guardian ensuring all-around development and well-being. The ideas of free speech, action and opinion are taken for granted and often abused to further selfish and indifferent goals without any consideration for the harm they might cause to the sensibilities of other people. The use of free speech is essentially null and void if it is exerted to snatch away the freedom of another individual or manipulated to cause distress to a community. The manhandling of freedom of speech and expression has disastrous consequences for society witnessed in recent times through the commotion caused by careless remarks of leaders against religious figures. Therefore, as Gandhiji emphasised, simply claiming the right of free action, opinion or expression for oneself is devoid of any value if the same is not guaranteed to others. Raghavan Iyer, aptly observes the following lines in his book, The Moral and Political Thought of Mahatma Gandhi, ‘Gandhi equated freedom with self-rule because he wished to build into the concept of freedom the notion of obligation to others as well as to oneself while retaining the element of voluntariness that is the very basis of freedom. The notion of self-rule implies the voluntary internalisation of our obligation to others which will be obstructed by our placing ourselves at the mercy of our selfish desires.’
Thus, in my modest opinion, although Gandhian ideals in present-day India seem utopian in comparison to our sombre reality, it is the perfect time to revisit his teachings and implement them in a renewed fashion. The exemplar Gandhian propositions of Satyagraha and Swaraj have been reduced to mere hypotheses without any practical application. Yet in these turbulent times with shifting geo-political strategies, internal turmoil, vote bank politics, and fake news, the ideas of Mahatma Gandhi are gaining importance. The use of rationalisation instead of force and individual Swaraj are the two ways to handle the rapid polarisation of Indian politics.
The lessons from the legacy of the Mahatma need to be re-learned and executed to temper the various evils prevailing in our society from sectarian politics, religious fundamentalism, abuse of Fundamental Rights of free speech and expression and rising intolerance. In conclusion, the essence and vitality of freedom of speech and action can be condensed in the following excerpt from Mahatma Gandhi’s speech at the Congress session in Ahmedabad in 1921, ‘This resolution is ... a humble and an irrevocable challenge to authority which in order to save itself wants to crush freedom of opinion and freedom of association – the two lungs that are absolutely necessary for a man to breathe the oxygen of liberty; and if there is any authority in this country that wants to curb the freedom of speech and freedom of association, I want to be able to say in your name, from this platform, that that authority will perish, unless it repents, before an India that is steeled with high courage, noble purpose and determination, even if every one of the men and women who choose to call themselves Indians is blotted out of the earth.’
MEHULI GOSWAMI
DPS, NAVI MUMBAI
Kodaikanal Gandhi Prize 2022, First Prize - Havisha Singh
The Kodaikanal Gandhi Prize 2022
First Prize
(shared)
Kodaikanal Gandhi Prize 2022: Prize for Creative Expression - Siddhi Deshmukh
The Kodaikanal Gandhi Prize 2022
Prize for Creative Expression
(Shared)
SIDDHI DESHMUKH
Break the Cycle
‘Don’t you want to take that?’
On the table Aisha’s phone buzzed, vibrating silently. ‘Mom’ flashed on the screen. She took a quick look and turned it off. Her father smiled at her across the table.
‘Atta girl.’ He said, his eyes twinkling, ‘Nights like these are seldom enjoyed, don’t you think so? Don’t want any trouble, do we?’
Aisha smiled at her father, grateful for his company. He gave her a warm smile in return and piled some food onto his plate. She found herself nodding and smiling at everything he told her that evening. Moths fluttered outside the restaurant window, clinging to the light bulb. The sombre December chill crept across the restaurant to Aisha. She shivered and pulled her jacket closer.
‘Are you okay?’ Her father’s brow creased. ‘Should I drop you home?’
‘No!’ Aisha said quickly. ‘I mean, it's okay. I’ll not get a cold or something.’
He nodded uncertainly and pulled his gaze down to the food, as did Aisha. A silence of two minutes ensued, except for the constant clinking of the knives and forks against the plates.
Aisha took a deep breath and willed herself to talk about the subject she was here for.
‘So, I’ve been thinking,’ she started, her gaze focused on her food. ‘About college. And where I want to go.’
Her father nodded enthusiastically. ‘It's never too late to think about college, you’re what – fifteen – or are you sixteen?’
Aisha forced a smile. ‘I’m sixteen.’
‘Right,’ he said, chewing. ‘Where do you want to go?’
‘IIT,’ Aisha answered, without missing a beat. ‘I want to go to IIT.
Her father looked up, his eyebrows knitted themselves together. A dark look clouded his eyes and Aisha gulped.
‘IIT?’ he said, a dangerous lilt to his voice.
‘Yes,’ Aisha spoke hurriedly. ‘It's the best institute for –’
‘I know what IIT is,’ he interrupted, wiping his hands on the napkin. ‘Why IIT, out of all the
places?’
‘Because,’ she said, choosing her words carefully, ‘I want to be an aerospace engineer. And to do that I will have to study STEM. So IIT seemed like the best choice.’
‘STEM?’ Her father asked, still not meeting her eyes.
‘Yes,’ Aisha said, ‘It means Science Technology –’
‘I know what STEM means.’ His voice rose an octave and Aisha flinched. He was now looking straight into her eyes. ‘Why do you out of all the people, wish to pursue the hardest of courses?’
‘Because I’m interested.’ Her voice was barely a whisper. ‘I want to become an aerospace engineer.’
‘Do you even know anything about it?’
‘Yes!’ She said quickly. Her vision blurred, and she hastily wiped her eyes. ‘My mother teaches me. I got the highest marks in class in my examinations. Did you know that?’
‘Your mother,’ Her father scoffed and said harshly, ‘Yes I see how well your mother has done in the field of science. Can she even support herself without my money?’
Aisha was silent.
‘Can she?’ He asked her again, throwing the napkin on the plate.
‘No,’ Aisha said, colour flooding into her cheeks. ‘She cannot.’
‘Then what success will you achieve, going to IIT?’
Aisha gritted her teeth. ‘But you let Arjun go to CalTech!’
‘Arguing about this is foolish.’ Her father stood up, almost knocking the chair back. ‘I’ll drop you home.’
Her chair scraped the wooden floor noisily as she stood up. Her eyes were red, and with her mouth pursed, she refused to look at her father as she followed him to the car.
They rode back to Aisha’s house in silence save for the Bollywood songs playing softly on the radio. Aisha looked out the window and saw the winking lights of the indulgent Mumbai skyline.
She rolled down the windows and took a deep breath, almost tasting the salt on her lips.
‘Aisha,’ Her father said suddenly, ‘Think about this. Please.’
The note of desperation in his voice took Aisha aback. She looked at him. His eyes were trained on the road.
‘I just...’ He shook his head, turning the radio off. ‘I just don’t want you to become like your mother.’
Aisha opened her mouth to protest but he cut her short.
‘We fought so much, Aisha. Your mother and I. You were so small. These visits – the short amount of time we have with each other – are dearly brought. These are a privilege for me. I had to fight for it, Aisha. I had to fight for you.’
Aisha was bereft of words. ‘I – I don’t know what to say.’
Her father didn’t say anything. He reached for the radio and turned it back on.
Soon, the car stopped to a standstill in front of Aisha and her mother’s apartment. It was a small dingy building, with little to no facilities, but it was home. Aisha saw the way her father looked at it. His mouth turned up in disgust, and his eyebrows arched. But Aisha did not care, it was the apartment she was raised in, an apartment brought by her mother’s hard-earned money.
‘Look, Aisha,’ he said at last. ‘I hope you can understand me. I need you to break this cycle of failure between you women. Ah!’ He broke off and added as he looked at his phone, smiling wanly. ‘Look at the date, Aisha. It's the 2nd of October. You know what Bapuji said, ‘Be the change you want to see in the world.’ So start with yourself, Aisha. Listen to me.’
‘Actually,’ Aisha said before she could stop herself. ‘That is not what he precisely said. He had said ‘We but mirrored the world... if we could change ourselves, the tendencies in the world would also change... We need not wait to see what others do.’ Did you know what he said it for? That is his attempt to engage women and the masses in his non-violence movement.’ She hesitated before saying, ‘That seems like the opposite of what you’re doing.’ She turned on her heel, about to leave when she remembered. ‘And thank you for the dinner. Truly.’
She turned and strode to her apartment. Distantly, she heard her father’s groan of frustration and the loud noise of a car door slamming.
Aisha reached her house and as her finger hovered over the doorbell, the door swung open, revealing her mother’s smiling face.
‘I knew you were downstairs.’ She gave Aisha a conspiratorial grin, ‘I thought I heard raised voices.’
Aisha groaned and walked inside, dropping into a chair. ‘He wouldn't let me go to IIT. You were right.’
‘So what.’ Her mother shrugged and said promptly. ‘We don’t need his approval. He didn’t let me go, now he won’t let you go. But I still studied, didn't I?’ She twisted her face and mimicked Aisha’s father’s deep voice. ‘‘Be the change you want to see in the world.’’ She chuckled. ‘He used to tell me the same thing. As if!’ She cupped her daughter’s cheeks. ‘I have taught you the whole thing, haven’t I?’
Aisha smiled and nodded despite the heaviness that weighed her down. She melted against her mother’s touch and reached to wrap her in her arms. Both mother and daughter sunk into each other’s embrace.
‘What about the fees?’ Aisha whispered into her mother’s shoulder, ‘We are not that well-off.’
‘About that.’ She felt her mother’s lips twisting into a smile. ‘I got the job.’
Aisha gasped and leapt out of the embrace. She held her mother’s hands, her joy was indescribable. ‘You got the job!’
‘Yes,’ her mother grinned ear to ear. ‘I start Monday as the physics teacher.’
‘I’m so happy for you,’ Aisha kissed her mother on the cheek. ‘This is huge.’
After the divorce, Aisha’s mother worked odd jobs, to support herself and Aisha. Aisha was no more than three years old, barely old enough to be left alone and they could not afford a nanny. She tried her best to support them financially while letting her daughter pursue her passion for science.
‘I have decided,’ Aisha told her mother when she graduated. They had gone out to a nearby cafe, to have french fries and drink milkshakes. ‘I want to be just like you.’
‘No, my dear.’ Aisha’s mother had said, ‘You are going to be better. You are my daughter, but that does not mean you are going to be an extension of me. In the end, you are your father’s daughter also. Cherish him and maybe,’ her eyes twinkled, ‘he might just change.’
‘I am going to break the cycle as he told me to,’ Aisha said, her mouth full of fries. ‘Just … not in the way he thinks.’
‘Atta girl,’ her mother reached out across the table and ruffled Aisha’s hair. ‘I’m so proud of you.’
‘And I, you,’ Aisha said, smiling widely.
If time could freeze itself, Aisha thought, it would be in this very moment. In a few months, she would be in IIT, pursuing her passion and chasing her dream. ‘Be the change you want to see in the world.’ Gandhi had coined this phrase long back for a different reason, in a different context. Certainly not for a single mother and daughter struggling to make ends meet. Any change, no matter how big or small should be first initiated by the one who wants it to happen.
In the small corners of the world, the words of Gandhi find their home. Such was the story of Aisha and her mother. Both have miles to go and even more changes to bring about.
SIDDHI DESHMUKH
MAYO COLLEGE GIRL’S SCHOOL, AJMER
Awarded by the Literary Journal, Out of Print
Kodaikanal Gandhi Prize 2022: Prize for Creative Expression - Insha Parvez
Kodaikanal Gandhi Prize 2022, Second Prize - Aashi Uppal
The Kodaikanal Gandhi Prize 2022
Second Prize
(shared)
Kodaikanal Gandhi Prize 2022, Second Prize - Gunika Beriwal
The Kodaikanal Gandhi Prize 2022
Second Prize
(shared)
GUNIKA BERIWAL
Myths of Freedom of Speech in Today’s Era
‘So long as you do not achieve social liberty, whatever freedom is
provided to you by law is of no avail to you.’
– B. R. Ambedkar
Humans communicate their feelings, thoughts and sentiments with others through speech. Thus, right to freedom of expression and opinion is very important but within judicious bounds thereby not hurting anyone’s feelings.
‘Claiming the right of free opinion and free action as we do, we must extend the same to others. The rule of majority when it becomes coercive, is as intolerable as that of a bureaucratic minority.’ (MK Gandhi, Young India, 26-1-1922)
Just as we remember 13 April 1919 for the killing of thousands of innocent Indians for a peaceful gathering in the Jallianwallah Bagh, have we progressed enough, for history to not repeat this devastating event?
I believe not. Today, on mere suspicion a person is lynched to death. Consequently, Mahatma Gandhi’s words still hold relevance today which I will try to prove through a few examples.
Article 19(1)(a) of the Indian Constitution says that all citizens have the right to freedom of speech and expression. Freedom of speech refers to the ability to freely express one's ideas and convictions orally, in writing, visually, or through the use of other media.
This freedom has frequently been challenged in court in relation to play and film censorship and book bans. The Censor Board is a statutory film-certification body in the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting of the Government of India. It frequently goes beyond what is required of it in terms of certification, absurdly demanding that movies be shortened, and occasionally even changing the story. Many movies, including the Tamil film Ore Oru Gramathile and the Hindi film Udta Punjab, have been saved from the censor board's arbitrary decision thanks to the literary comprehension of our judges.
Freedom of speech is also the liberty to create. Art is a powerful tool for an artist to share his perspectives and ideas with society. It can also be used as a strategic resource to overcome division and address today’s problems.
The arts are particularly susceptible to judgments on morality and decency. Maqbool Fida Husain, one of India's most well-known artists, serves as an illustrative illustration of societal intolerance. Husain was pushed into exile after being targeted by Hindu right-wing organisations who claimed he had painted naked images of Hindu gods and goddesses, insulting their sensibilities. Hardline Hindu organisations attacked Husain's residence and the galleries that featured his artwork. He had to fly across the nation to respond to complaints after private individuals brought criminal hate speech and obscenity lawsuits against him in various places across the nation.
‘When it comes to democracy, liberty of thought and expression is a cardinal value that is of paramount significance under our constitutional scheme.’
– Supreme Court of India, Shreya Singhal v. Union of India, March 24, 2015.
The sedition law was enacted by the British over a century ago, to quell dissent against the colonial government among Indians. But even after 75 years of independence this law still exists in India. This archaic law is now used indiscriminately on activists, journalists, and other public figures in order to stifle dissent and criticism of the government and as a result, criminalising peaceful expression in India. For instance, in October 2015, this law was used to arrest S Kovan, a folk singer in the state of Tamil Nadu, for two songs in which he criticised the state government’s policy of allegedly profiting from the state-run liquor shops at the expense of the poor.
The state is failing to protect its citizens’ right to freedom of expression by continuously giving in to angry mobs who damage public property to express their dissatisfaction with someone’s point of view. The government uses vague and broad laws like defamation law and sedition for political ends.
‘Freedom of expression is a privilege for some and denied to others while those strangling free expressions continue to unabashedly sing the mantra of freedom and democracy.’
The above-mentioned statement effectively illustrates how the right to free expression can be abused. Any democracy's ability to function depends on its citizens' ability to exercise their right to free speech within the bounds of decency. The government must guarantee that its
citizens can enjoy this fundamental right without fear of losing their right to privacy.
Defamation laws aim to balance one person's right to reputation and dignity against another's right to free speech and information. It strives to shield people from unjustified and unfounded allegations in their private lives. On the other hand, it is also open to easy abuse.
Siddharth Varadarajan, an editor of The Wire, collected three to four criminal defamation cases against him during the two years he worked as the editor for The Hindu. So, you can imagine if such is the case, then reporters or editors are going to think a hundred times when they write a certain thing. As a consequence, not only are they stifled and prevented from expressing their views but this also stops both sides of the story from reaching the general public.
In any country, going through the judicial system after getting convicted is a punishment in itself. While going through the criminal justice system, defendants frequently experience the agony of going through protracted, drawn-out proceedings. In certain instances, judges also seem to lack adequate training in matters of free speech and disregard Supreme Court directives when it comes to placing restrictions on peaceful expression. The voice of dissent of these people is crushed and their work is disturbed. All the energy is spent fighting the case. And it’s not only about spending time in prison, financial loss or even professional loss, the image of the convicted person in the eyes of others turns to ‘anti-national’. It’s not only one person’s stigma but the whole family’s.
A potent communication instrument is social media. It allows people from all sides to express their views. People can freely express their viewpoint but they forget their limits of words. This free expression is a double-edged sword in people’s hands. The idea of free speech was
to enable people to share their thoughts online without worrying about suffering unfair consequences. Free speech has succeeded in its aim, but it has also given those who wish to spread false information a chance to do so without facing repercussions.
When Shantanu Deshpande, CEO and founder of Bombay Shaving Company, posted an innocent blog urging youth to work hard and not do rona dhona, he wasn’t prepared for the trolling that would occur past that.
‘What a shameless slave owner’
‘Bombay Shaving Company must be so toxic’.
A nonchalantly written post had fired up the whole world, it seemed. The main goal of the article was to inspire young people to work as hard as they could in order to reap life's benefits in excess. We've all been taught the traditional Indian middle-class precept, ‘mehnat ka fal meetha hota hai,’ right? Wrong! The outrage reached the peak on second and third days and by day seven it disappeared. Public memory is fickle. Things die down very quickly.
Social media is an echo chamber. The social media fire is stoked by the oxygen of attention. The idea of free speech was to enable people to share their thoughts online without worrying about suffering unfair consequences. Free speech has succeeded in its aim, but it has also given those who wish to spread false information and bad mouth others, a chance to do so without facing repercussions.
A whisper can become a scream. Thoughtful articulation is the key. Your opinion counts. You have the right to express your opinions, spread knowledge, and call for a better world. You have the right to support or oppose the people in authority but such views should be expressed eloquently and peacefully while being aware of the consequences of those words.
In the colonial era, only Britishers were policing but in the modern technological era, everyone is trying to stop or demean others. Although freedom of speech fosters social development, it may also have unfavourable effects. It shouldn't be used to offend or provoke other people. The media shouldn't abuse it either. When using our right to free speech and expression, we as citizens of this country should do so responsibly. We are fortunate to be Indian citizens. It is a country that values each of its residents and accords them the freedoms necessary for their own development.
A fundamental right of every citizen of India, the ‘Freedom of Speech’ allows citizens to share their individual thoughts and views. I am of the firm belief that Gandhi’s theory on freedom of speech is as relevant today as was in the 1950s. In light of evolving modes of expression in today’s advancing world, such rights might need to be revised to appropriately guide the younger and elderly generations for the healthy use of these services.
‘Intolerance of dissent from the orthodoxy of the day has been the bane of Indian society for centuries. But it is precisely in the ready acceptance of the right to dissent, as distinct from its mere tolerance, that a free society distinguishes itself.’
– A G Noorani, 1999
GUNIKA BERIWAL
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Kodaikanal Gandhi Prize 2022, Third Prize - Aanvi Malpani
The Kodaikanal Gandhi Prize 2022
Third Prize
(shared)
AANVI MALPANI
Gandhi Ji's
Click on the link above to view the entry
The 75th Anniversary of Indian Independence was celebrated as a grand event in
India and around the world to commemorate India's 75th year of independence.
Political leaders and citizens alike felt compelled to reflect on India's progress
over the previous 75 years. It has been recognised that, while India has evolved
and prospered for the better, there is still a long way to go.
The process of evolution necessitates the investment of time. Thus, India, today, has
grown to be quite disparate from the nation that lived seventy-five years ago. Despite the
changes in the political and social state of affairs, the core values and the fundamental
ideals have been kept preserved.
Kodaikanal Gandhi Prize 2022, Third Prize - Soham Jindal
The Kodaikanal Gandhi Prize 2022
Third Prize
(shared)
SOHAM JINDAL
‘Be the change you want to see’ is a paraphrase of what Gandhi said in 1913,
‘We but mirror the world... If we could change ourselves, the tendencies in
the world would also change... We need not wait to see what others do.’ In
which social and political context did Gandhi say those words and how would
you apply them today?
By the early 1900s, the ‘Jewel in the crown of the British Empire’ had been ruthlessly exploited for over a century. It’s culture in tatters, economy slaughtered, India was not more than a well of resources exclusively for the use of the British and denied to her own people. Indians had lost their standing in the world market and in their homes. The oppressive environment and the Indians’ poverty and misery would clearly be felt for decades to come.
However, during this time, there were also new winds of change. A new conscience was growing among the Indians, one of unity and self-belief and nationalism. The idea of Bharat Mata and free India was gaining strength in the minds of the people. With new realisations, the rise of new leaders and new ideals, the flattened spirit of the Indians was stirring and awaking; the sparks of revolts were turning into a raging revolution. For the first time in India's history, the downtrodden peasants and people of lower castes were becoming active in their struggles against the ruling power.
The idea of swaraj or self-rule was first given by Bal Gangadhar Tilak, a radical nationalist freedom fighter. His famous slogan, ‘Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it.’ is remembered by us till date. Tilak was perhaps the first Indian freedom fighter to realise the importance of promoting Indian culture and values among the people. Through his efforts to infuse a sense of pride amongst Indians, and to make them aware of the happenings taking place all over the country, he was successful in bringing about a wave of patriotism. His aggressive approach towards attaining swaraj enervated several thousands of Indians who were incandescent at the British. Tilak also called for boycott of foreign goods and endorsed Indian producers.
At the time, social evils like sati, child marriage, dowry and stigma against widows were widespread, contributing towards European officials calling Indian traditions ‘barbaric’. Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Sayyid Ahmed Khan and Swami Vivekananda are some well-known social reformers of the 19th century. Raja Ram Mohan Roy is known for his efforts to abolish the practices of sati and child marriage. Sir Sayyid Ahmed Khan started the Aligarh Movement to reform the social, political and educational aspects of Islam in India. Swami Vivekananda’s unprecedented speech to 1893 World's Parliament of Religions introduced Hinduism to America and brought Indian values and history to the world stage.
Mahatma Gandhi’s arrival in India in 1915 changed the course of India’s struggle for independence. Gandhi was already well known for leading the Indians in their struggle against racism in South Africa. His non-violent satyagraha campaigns were successful there, so he was confident it would work for India too.
One of Mahatma Gandhi’s core beliefs was to practise his ideals not only in the public sphere of society and politics, but also in his personal life. Mahatma Gandhi is known for having said, ‘Be the change you want to see’ which is a paraphrase of ‘We but mirror the world... If we could change ourselves, the tendencies in the world would also change... We need not wait to see what others do.’ This quote quite clearly depicts his belief in leading by example. Mahatma Gandhi led India through adversity and hardship, and that takes courage of unknown boundaries.
We can find several instances throughout Mahatma Gandhi’s life, which prove that he led by example. Let us take for example the Civil Disobedience Movement, launched when Mahatma Gandhi broke the salt law. Mahatma Gandhi walked 388 km to the coastal town of Dandi to break the salt law. On the way, he gathered thousands of supporters whom he encouraged to follow suit. Here, I find Mahatma Gandhi’s leadership and his publicly long walk crucial to the success of the Civil Disobedience Movement. Had he not personally broken the salt law, the participation might not have been so tremendous.
In another lesser known story, Mahatma Gandhi was once approached by a mother. She begged him to convince her son to eat less sugar, for he would listen to no one. He asked her to return with her son in two weeks, because he needed time to prepare for their meeting. When the distraught mother brought her son to meet the Mahatma, he simply talked to him about eating less sugar, to make him understand. When asked why it took him two weeks to prepare for something so simple, Mahatma Gandhi said that when she had approached him the first time, he himself consumed a lot of sugar, and in order to preach to her son, he needed time to practise it himself.
Mahatma Gandhi was very dear to the Indians, who followed everything he said. When he returned to India, he set off on a tour of India, travelling third class via train, to stand in the peoples’ shoes and see the world through their eyes. He gave up wearing warm clothes, and wore only a bare khadi dhoti, like the common people. He also gave up wearing footwear in memory of his mentor Gopal Krishna Gokhale.
Most Indians were found in villages. They were illiterate, poor and landless, and effectively cut-off from the world of the rich, educated middle class Congress leaders. They might not even have known who exactly the Mahatma was, but to them, he was heaven-sent to save them from their miseries. They knew that he was on their side and loyally followed everything he said. Sometimes, they even attributed their own success to Mahatma Gandhi.
Possibly, Mahatma Gandhi’s far-spread reach and influence was due to the peasants’ belief that Mahatma Gandhi knew their struggles. When they saw Mahatma Gandhi living modestly, wearing only the barest of clothes like them, they felt a kinship with him. Had Mahatma Gandhi given his speeches in polished English wearing a coat, well fed and warm, he would have never been able to connect to the masses the way he did. One could attribute a major part of his success to the peasants’ ability to relate with him. The peasants felt no hypocrisy as a man like them was representing them.
Mahatma Gandhi’s own personal involvement in the fight, how he himself suffered to end the sufferings of Indians, allowed him to enter into the hearts of the masses. He led them by example, encouraging them to voice their demands and obtain their freedom.
Much of Mahatma Gandhi’s teachings are still relevant today. Today, we are bombarded by opinions from all around us. The news anchors don’t stop screaming about their views on the latest political incident. Teenagers don’t hear the end of unwanted advice from well-wishing parents and teachers. Advertisements, movies and books all influence our thoughts and decisions. In such a time, it is important to think and know for ourselves our ideals and beliefs. We must make our own choices. Like Mahatma Gandhi said, ‘We need not wait to see what others do.’ We have the power to make our own decisions.
Mahatma Gandhi ardently stood by truth and non-violence for the entirety of his life. He believed that all religions, whether Hinduism, Islam or Sikhism, have the same base values. These values are being righteous and virtuous, kind and fair, and trusting in God. As long as we abide by our religion’s values and what is right, the world will mirror our decision upon seeing the truth in it.
Mahatma Gandhi’s teachings can be applied to our life today in a completely different manner also. We often find ourselves mimicking the masses, going with the flow, and accepting the world as it is, hoping that ‘someone’, ‘someday’ will solve all its problems in time. The problems faced by India now are not only those confined to previous colonies, but global issues that impact the whole world. Global warming, climate change, pandemics, cyber-crime, corruption, poverty and terrorism, the list goes on. While work towards solving these behemoth problems goes on, the results are, truthfully, slow to manifest. As a student, it is very common to hear remarks like ‘What is a simple poster going to solve?’ or ‘Ha! As if we are actually doing something useful, this is just time waste’. We often feel helpless in front of these giant issues. We look for someone to lead us, to guide us, to set an example. We are content to shut our eyes to the reality, that everyone is like us. Here, we apply Mahatma Gandhi’s ideals. Mahatma Gandhi taught us that any change we wish to see in the world begins with bringing about the change in ourselves. We ourselves must take the initiative to solve the problem. Like Mahatma Gandhi said, ‘If we could change ourselves, the tendencies in the world would also change...’ The change we want starts with us. We must channel our passion and our frustration into achieving our goal. Starting the work takes a lot of courage, but when we do so, there are so many in the world who will follow. Sooner or later, the world will see the truth in what we do.
SOHAM JINDAL
DPS, NOIDA