Sunday, March 12, 2023
The Kodaikanal Gandhi Prize 2022 - Radha Kumar
The Kodaikanal Gandhi Prize 2022 - The Prize Winners
The prize winners of the Kodaikanal Gandhi Prize 2022
THE PRIZE WINNERS
First Prize (shared)
DPS Navi Mumbai
DPS Chandigarh
Creative Expression (shared)
Awarded by the literary journal Out of Print
MAYO COLLEGE GIRL’S SCHOOL, Ajmer
MODY SCHOOL, Lakshmangarh
Second Prize (shared)
DPS Ludhiana
Third Prize (shared)
DPS NOIDA
DPS NOIDA
HONOURABLE MENTIONS
NEEV ACADEMY, Bangalore
DPS, HISAR
BRITISH COED HIGH SCHOOL, PATIALA
Kodaikanal Gandhi Prize 2022, First Prize - Mehuli Goswami
The Kodaikanal Gandhi Prize 2022
First Prize
(shared)
MEHULI GOSWAMI
Revisiting the Mahatma in the Age of Polarisation
Every page of the newspaper that I turn, fills my head with doubts and disappointments. Each page carries bold headlines etched like scars on paper, reporting instances of raging political extremism, intolerance, terrorism and callous hate speeches. Every morning my passive eyes scan through the pages and I purse my lips while my mind buzzes with thoughts of the grim reality and an over-darkened future. It makes me wonder if ‘leaders’ are becoming blind to the chaos ensuing in the world or if we are waiting for trouble to hit the roof till it’s time for action. These media reports showcase a clear reflection of our present society based on divisive affiliations devoid of humanity.
Somewhere amidst the hollow cries for rights, revolution and war, the essence of freedom and its subsequent responsibility lies forgotten. Activists, politicians, and citizens all raise a cry for individual liberty without first understanding that freedom is followed by immense responsibility. Everyone wants to claim his or her right to free speech, action and association without first determining their duties which are due to other fellow beings. This animalistic greed and absolutism are especially widespread in this era, attributes to easy access to the masses through the internet, revolutionised print media and numerous news channels. This stems from a place of collective insecurity where the only path of survival is by trampling upon your brethren. In India, it is evident by way of increased communal disharmony, militancy, hate speech, religious fundamentalism, fake news and majoritarian party politics.
The present social and political situation in our country reminds me of a great mind who claimed that individual rights and civil liberties must go hand in hand with societal harmony. With two World Wars fought in his lifetime, his revolutionary ideas of non-violence and satyagraha, seemed like an anachronism to an age drunk on retaliatory violence, mass destruction and brutal suppression. The ‘naked fakir’ as he was called in the West, held civil rights and individual liberty to the highest esteem, pioneering a nationalist movement based on the search for truth and non-violence. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi or the ‘Mahatma’ a name given by Rabindranath Tagore has left behind a crucial legacy affirming individual rights and liberties, which can be interpreted as a distinct message in today’s day and age.
Gandhiji said, ‘Freedom of speech and civil liberty, are the very roots of Swaraj. Without these the foundations of Swaraj will remain weak’. His unequivocal stance on these issues guided his non-violent struggle against colonial rule in twentieth-century India. As maintained by Gandhiji, the ideas of freedom, rights, duties and responsibility on the individual level were tributaries to the intangible river of Swaraj. For Gandhiji, the notion of Swaraj was interlinked to Satyagraha or the truth force, since it was the only means through which the masses could reclaim their rights and perform their duties. According to Mahatma Gandhi, ‘Swaraj’ or self-rule was a dual doctrine where the individual is granted autonomy and liberty to search for truth and take responsibility for various civil duties while the nation, as a whole, salvages its independence from foreign imperialism and establishes self-governance. Therefore, ‘Swaraj’, as described by Gandhiji, was not only comprised of self-governance but was based on the principles of a constantly evolving individual having an immense capacity for dispassionate self-assessment, self-reliance and self-mastery. Gandhiji proclaimed, ‘In the democracy that I have envisaged ... there will be equal freedom for all. Everybody will be his own master.’ For the Mahatma, freedom for each individual irrespective of his or her gender, social background, economic status, religious affiliation or ethnicity, was extremely vital. He observed, ‘Real Swaraj (freedom) will come, not by the acquisition of authority by a few, but by the acquisition of the capacity by all to resist authority when abused’. This magnanimous statement rings especially true when contrasted with the contemporary social and political scenario in India, where the rule of the majority seems to be drowning out the persistent whispers of the minority.
The Indian democratic framework, although based on the guiding principles of equality, freedom and secularism, is progressively shifting towards a more majoritarian approach. Instances of violence and virulence on communal lines have been increasing, ranging from the mass exodus of Kashmiri Pandits, the 2002 Gujarat Riots, to the recent incident where government officials tore down the homes of Muslim rioters when a clash broke out between Hindu and Muslim groups in Madhya Pradesh, the alleged use of spy software against politicians, the peremptory exercise of the colonial sedition statute and cursory hate speeches aimed at hurting religious sentiments. It has been quoted in the book named The Mahatma, Vol VI, ‘The rule of majority does not mean that it should suppress the opinion of even an individual if it is sound. The opinion of an individual should have greater weight than the opinion of many, if that opinion is sound on merits. That is my view of real democracy.’
Although, Gandhiji emphasised a stateless democratic society, for him tyranny of the majority was never a solution. The emphasis on the individual was so great in his philosophy that the opinion of the masses ranked lower than that of a person. Gandhian principles, therefore focus on the individual as the central driving force for all change achieved through persistent Satyagraha. Gandhiji mentioned in Young India, ‘The rule of majority has a narrow application, i.e., one should yield to the majority in matters of detail. But it is slavery to be amenable to the majority, no matter what its decisions are. Democracy is not a state in which people act like a sheep. Under democracy, individual liberty of opinion and action is jealously guarded. I therefore, believe that the minority has a perfect right to act differently from the majority.’
Gandhiji believed that freedom of speech, action, and association were the life force of a pluralistic and democratic society such as India. However, the exercise of these rights to suppress the voices of another was diametrically opposite to his philosophy. If the right to free speech or expression of one individual curtails the rights of another individual, it is not freedom at all but archaic and subtle domination. In this context, according to Gandhian philosophy, freedom is akin to a flimsy eye-wash attempting to cover up its absence and inadequacy.
Gandhiji led by example and propagated that banning certain destructive elements did not justify the elimination of rights or the vehement slaughter of human beings. He believed that prohibition must take place through constructive persuasion and gradual change in mentality rather than through coercive measures. M.K. Gandhi observed in Young India, ‘We must patiently try to bring round the minority to our view by gentle persuasion and argument.’
On the other hand, Mahatma Gandhi was against the formation of an autocratic minority who would ignore the needs and aspirations of the people to further their fanatic objectives. The solution to the limitations of a democratic society was not the emergence of a despotic minority community in retaliation to aggressive majoritarianism. The minority in this context must act like an interjector to the pre-eminence of the majority without the abuse of violence, virulent speech or schismatic policies. The superiority of the majority over the minority is as undemocratic as the security of privileges of minority communities over the rights of the general public.
The Constitution of India grants to the citizens of India, the fundamental right to freedom of speech and expression under Article 19 (1)(a). It implies that all citizens of the country have the right to express their views, opinions, beliefs etc. freely by mouth, writing, printing or through any other means. Article 19(1)(b) and 19 (1)(g) guarantee to its citizen, the right to free assembly without arms, to form unions, and to practice any profession or reside in any part of the country respectively. Nevertheless, the Constitution provides the above-mentioned rights within the context of reasonable restrictions to ensure that individual rights do not interfere with national security and the well-being of other citizens. However, the prevailing scenario highlights the fact that the significance of these restrictions is lost to political leaders as well as ordinary citizens. These rights were granted to amicably discuss and put forward multitudinous prospects to embody the spirit of pluralistic Indian society. The prime objective of the makers of the Constitution was to ensure that the State does not override the needs and aspirations of its citizens and instead acts as a guardian ensuring all-around development and well-being. The ideas of free speech, action and opinion are taken for granted and often abused to further selfish and indifferent goals without any consideration for the harm they might cause to the sensibilities of other people. The use of free speech is essentially null and void if it is exerted to snatch away the freedom of another individual or manipulated to cause distress to a community. The manhandling of freedom of speech and expression has disastrous consequences for society witnessed in recent times through the commotion caused by careless remarks of leaders against religious figures. Therefore, as Gandhiji emphasised, simply claiming the right of free action, opinion or expression for oneself is devoid of any value if the same is not guaranteed to others. Raghavan Iyer, aptly observes the following lines in his book, The Moral and Political Thought of Mahatma Gandhi, ‘Gandhi equated freedom with self-rule because he wished to build into the concept of freedom the notion of obligation to others as well as to oneself while retaining the element of voluntariness that is the very basis of freedom. The notion of self-rule implies the voluntary internalisation of our obligation to others which will be obstructed by our placing ourselves at the mercy of our selfish desires.’
Thus, in my modest opinion, although Gandhian ideals in present-day India seem utopian in comparison to our sombre reality, it is the perfect time to revisit his teachings and implement them in a renewed fashion. The exemplar Gandhian propositions of Satyagraha and Swaraj have been reduced to mere hypotheses without any practical application. Yet in these turbulent times with shifting geo-political strategies, internal turmoil, vote bank politics, and fake news, the ideas of Mahatma Gandhi are gaining importance. The use of rationalisation instead of force and individual Swaraj are the two ways to handle the rapid polarisation of Indian politics.
The lessons from the legacy of the Mahatma need to be re-learned and executed to temper the various evils prevailing in our society from sectarian politics, religious fundamentalism, abuse of Fundamental Rights of free speech and expression and rising intolerance. In conclusion, the essence and vitality of freedom of speech and action can be condensed in the following excerpt from Mahatma Gandhi’s speech at the Congress session in Ahmedabad in 1921, ‘This resolution is ... a humble and an irrevocable challenge to authority which in order to save itself wants to crush freedom of opinion and freedom of association – the two lungs that are absolutely necessary for a man to breathe the oxygen of liberty; and if there is any authority in this country that wants to curb the freedom of speech and freedom of association, I want to be able to say in your name, from this platform, that that authority will perish, unless it repents, before an India that is steeled with high courage, noble purpose and determination, even if every one of the men and women who choose to call themselves Indians is blotted out of the earth.’
MEHULI GOSWAMI
DPS, NAVI MUMBAI
Kodaikanal Gandhi Prize 2022, First Prize - Havisha Singh
The Kodaikanal Gandhi Prize 2022
First Prize
(shared)
Kodaikanal Gandhi Prize 2022: Prize for Creative Expression - Siddhi Deshmukh
The Kodaikanal Gandhi Prize 2022
Prize for Creative Expression
(Shared)
SIDDHI DESHMUKH
Break the Cycle
‘Don’t you want to take that?’
On the table Aisha’s phone buzzed, vibrating silently. ‘Mom’ flashed on the screen. She took a quick look and turned it off. Her father smiled at her across the table.
‘Atta girl.’ He said, his eyes twinkling, ‘Nights like these are seldom enjoyed, don’t you think so? Don’t want any trouble, do we?’
Aisha smiled at her father, grateful for his company. He gave her a warm smile in return and piled some food onto his plate. She found herself nodding and smiling at everything he told her that evening. Moths fluttered outside the restaurant window, clinging to the light bulb. The sombre December chill crept across the restaurant to Aisha. She shivered and pulled her jacket closer.
‘Are you okay?’ Her father’s brow creased. ‘Should I drop you home?’
‘No!’ Aisha said quickly. ‘I mean, it's okay. I’ll not get a cold or something.’
He nodded uncertainly and pulled his gaze down to the food, as did Aisha. A silence of two minutes ensued, except for the constant clinking of the knives and forks against the plates.
Aisha took a deep breath and willed herself to talk about the subject she was here for.
‘So, I’ve been thinking,’ she started, her gaze focused on her food. ‘About college. And where I want to go.’
Her father nodded enthusiastically. ‘It's never too late to think about college, you’re what – fifteen – or are you sixteen?’
Aisha forced a smile. ‘I’m sixteen.’
‘Right,’ he said, chewing. ‘Where do you want to go?’
‘IIT,’ Aisha answered, without missing a beat. ‘I want to go to IIT.
Her father looked up, his eyebrows knitted themselves together. A dark look clouded his eyes and Aisha gulped.
‘IIT?’ he said, a dangerous lilt to his voice.
‘Yes,’ Aisha spoke hurriedly. ‘It's the best institute for –’
‘I know what IIT is,’ he interrupted, wiping his hands on the napkin. ‘Why IIT, out of all the
places?’
‘Because,’ she said, choosing her words carefully, ‘I want to be an aerospace engineer. And to do that I will have to study STEM. So IIT seemed like the best choice.’
‘STEM?’ Her father asked, still not meeting her eyes.
‘Yes,’ Aisha said, ‘It means Science Technology –’
‘I know what STEM means.’ His voice rose an octave and Aisha flinched. He was now looking straight into her eyes. ‘Why do you out of all the people, wish to pursue the hardest of courses?’
‘Because I’m interested.’ Her voice was barely a whisper. ‘I want to become an aerospace engineer.’
‘Do you even know anything about it?’
‘Yes!’ She said quickly. Her vision blurred, and she hastily wiped her eyes. ‘My mother teaches me. I got the highest marks in class in my examinations. Did you know that?’
‘Your mother,’ Her father scoffed and said harshly, ‘Yes I see how well your mother has done in the field of science. Can she even support herself without my money?’
Aisha was silent.
‘Can she?’ He asked her again, throwing the napkin on the plate.
‘No,’ Aisha said, colour flooding into her cheeks. ‘She cannot.’
‘Then what success will you achieve, going to IIT?’
Aisha gritted her teeth. ‘But you let Arjun go to CalTech!’
‘Arguing about this is foolish.’ Her father stood up, almost knocking the chair back. ‘I’ll drop you home.’
Her chair scraped the wooden floor noisily as she stood up. Her eyes were red, and with her mouth pursed, she refused to look at her father as she followed him to the car.
They rode back to Aisha’s house in silence save for the Bollywood songs playing softly on the radio. Aisha looked out the window and saw the winking lights of the indulgent Mumbai skyline.
She rolled down the windows and took a deep breath, almost tasting the salt on her lips.
‘Aisha,’ Her father said suddenly, ‘Think about this. Please.’
The note of desperation in his voice took Aisha aback. She looked at him. His eyes were trained on the road.
‘I just...’ He shook his head, turning the radio off. ‘I just don’t want you to become like your mother.’
Aisha opened her mouth to protest but he cut her short.
‘We fought so much, Aisha. Your mother and I. You were so small. These visits – the short amount of time we have with each other – are dearly brought. These are a privilege for me. I had to fight for it, Aisha. I had to fight for you.’
Aisha was bereft of words. ‘I – I don’t know what to say.’
Her father didn’t say anything. He reached for the radio and turned it back on.
Soon, the car stopped to a standstill in front of Aisha and her mother’s apartment. It was a small dingy building, with little to no facilities, but it was home. Aisha saw the way her father looked at it. His mouth turned up in disgust, and his eyebrows arched. But Aisha did not care, it was the apartment she was raised in, an apartment brought by her mother’s hard-earned money.
‘Look, Aisha,’ he said at last. ‘I hope you can understand me. I need you to break this cycle of failure between you women. Ah!’ He broke off and added as he looked at his phone, smiling wanly. ‘Look at the date, Aisha. It's the 2nd of October. You know what Bapuji said, ‘Be the change you want to see in the world.’ So start with yourself, Aisha. Listen to me.’
‘Actually,’ Aisha said before she could stop herself. ‘That is not what he precisely said. He had said ‘We but mirrored the world... if we could change ourselves, the tendencies in the world would also change... We need not wait to see what others do.’ Did you know what he said it for? That is his attempt to engage women and the masses in his non-violence movement.’ She hesitated before saying, ‘That seems like the opposite of what you’re doing.’ She turned on her heel, about to leave when she remembered. ‘And thank you for the dinner. Truly.’
She turned and strode to her apartment. Distantly, she heard her father’s groan of frustration and the loud noise of a car door slamming.
Aisha reached her house and as her finger hovered over the doorbell, the door swung open, revealing her mother’s smiling face.
‘I knew you were downstairs.’ She gave Aisha a conspiratorial grin, ‘I thought I heard raised voices.’
Aisha groaned and walked inside, dropping into a chair. ‘He wouldn't let me go to IIT. You were right.’
‘So what.’ Her mother shrugged and said promptly. ‘We don’t need his approval. He didn’t let me go, now he won’t let you go. But I still studied, didn't I?’ She twisted her face and mimicked Aisha’s father’s deep voice. ‘‘Be the change you want to see in the world.’’ She chuckled. ‘He used to tell me the same thing. As if!’ She cupped her daughter’s cheeks. ‘I have taught you the whole thing, haven’t I?’
Aisha smiled and nodded despite the heaviness that weighed her down. She melted against her mother’s touch and reached to wrap her in her arms. Both mother and daughter sunk into each other’s embrace.
‘What about the fees?’ Aisha whispered into her mother’s shoulder, ‘We are not that well-off.’
‘About that.’ She felt her mother’s lips twisting into a smile. ‘I got the job.’
Aisha gasped and leapt out of the embrace. She held her mother’s hands, her joy was indescribable. ‘You got the job!’
‘Yes,’ her mother grinned ear to ear. ‘I start Monday as the physics teacher.’
‘I’m so happy for you,’ Aisha kissed her mother on the cheek. ‘This is huge.’
After the divorce, Aisha’s mother worked odd jobs, to support herself and Aisha. Aisha was no more than three years old, barely old enough to be left alone and they could not afford a nanny. She tried her best to support them financially while letting her daughter pursue her passion for science.
‘I have decided,’ Aisha told her mother when she graduated. They had gone out to a nearby cafe, to have french fries and drink milkshakes. ‘I want to be just like you.’
‘No, my dear.’ Aisha’s mother had said, ‘You are going to be better. You are my daughter, but that does not mean you are going to be an extension of me. In the end, you are your father’s daughter also. Cherish him and maybe,’ her eyes twinkled, ‘he might just change.’
‘I am going to break the cycle as he told me to,’ Aisha said, her mouth full of fries. ‘Just … not in the way he thinks.’
‘Atta girl,’ her mother reached out across the table and ruffled Aisha’s hair. ‘I’m so proud of you.’
‘And I, you,’ Aisha said, smiling widely.
If time could freeze itself, Aisha thought, it would be in this very moment. In a few months, she would be in IIT, pursuing her passion and chasing her dream. ‘Be the change you want to see in the world.’ Gandhi had coined this phrase long back for a different reason, in a different context. Certainly not for a single mother and daughter struggling to make ends meet. Any change, no matter how big or small should be first initiated by the one who wants it to happen.
In the small corners of the world, the words of Gandhi find their home. Such was the story of Aisha and her mother. Both have miles to go and even more changes to bring about.
SIDDHI DESHMUKH
MAYO COLLEGE GIRL’S SCHOOL, AJMER
Awarded by the Literary Journal, Out of Print
Kodaikanal Gandhi Prize 2022: Prize for Creative Expression - Insha Parvez
Kodaikanal Gandhi Prize 2022, Second Prize - Aashi Uppal
The Kodaikanal Gandhi Prize 2022
Second Prize
(shared)