Sunday, March 12, 2023

The Kodaikanal Gandhi Prize 2022 - Radha Kumar

The Kodaikanal Gandhi Prize 2022

Radha Kumar




2022 was the third year of the Kodaikanal Gandhi Prize, a competition for schoolchildren in classes 9 to 12. Founded by myself and members of the Kodaikanal Fellowship Library in 2019, the prize aimed to revive knowledge about and interest in Gandhi’s political ethos and action, at a time when both appeared particularly salient. 

This third edition of the prize was hosted by the Khushwant Singh Literary Festival’s Joy of Learning program. Beginning with participation from around a dozen schools in 2019, the prize attracted the participation of 52 schools in 2022, a majority of which belonged to the Delhi Public School family. I believe I speak for all the judges – Indira Chandrasekhar of the literary journal Out of Print, a co-sponsor of the prize, writer and analyst Bernard Imhasly, Ramin Jahanbegloo, Gandhian philosopher and head of the Jindal university’s Gandhi Studies Centre, journalist and founder of the KSLF, Rahul Singh, and myself – when I say that we were delighted to find that so many of our young believed in the Indian enlightenment values that lay at the core of the independence movement and the constitution of the republic. Their views gave us hope when so many of our citizens appeared to have succumbed to chauvinism, cynicism or falsehood.

As one of two judges that have been constant through the three iterations of the prize, I was interested to find that this year, a large number of entries focused on exclusion and social discrimination, especially against scheduled tribes. The other major theme of entries was individual rights, especially of women. By comparison, the 2021 entries focused on citizenship and farmers’ rights, two key social movements that dominated 2020, along with handling of the Covid-19 pandemic that swept India and the world. The 2020 entries, in contrast to 2021 and 2022, focused on local aspirations and inequities; the bulk of participating schools that year were in Tamil Nadu. 

Our 2022 prize winners are mostly writers, both essayists and story tellers, though several multimedia presentations received honourable mentions. As in previous years, the judges found it very difficult to judge between our top twenty entries. Once again, we had to split the prizes to give two firsts, two seconds, two thirds, and two prizes for creative expression, along with four honourable mentions. 

One of the gifts of judging the prize is the insights entries offer into the hearts and minds of a few hundred of India’s young. Over the past three years, I have been passionately moved and often forced to step back and think by ideas that have leapt off the page, or screen, as I went through entries. In 2020, I was impressed by the raw statement of many of the entries. My overwhelming 2022 impression is one of grace. Not only our winners, but the enormous majority of entries, made their points gently while not compromising. Taken together, they offered a reflection of our times that is both hopeful and tempered with doubt or sorrow. I hope that readers will find the linked prize-winning entries as rich a food for thought as I did.




The Kodaikanal Gandhi Prize 2022 - The Prize Winners

The prize winners of the Kodaikanal Gandhi Prize 2022



It is with tremendous pride and humility that Out of Print publishes the winners and honorable mention entries of the Kodaikanal Gandhi Prize 2022, on this historic day, March 12th, the day of the commencement of the Dandi Salt Satyagraha by Mahatma Gandhi.

A comment on the Prize by its founder, Radha Kumar sets a context for this years entries:
'My overwhelming 2022 impression is one of grace. Not only our winners, but the enormous majority of entries, made their points gently while not compromising. Taken together, they offered a reflection of our times that is both hopeful and tempered with doubt or sorrow.'


THE PRIZE WINNERS

First Prize (shared)

          DPS Navi Mumbai

          DPS Chandigarh


Creative Expression (shared)

Awarded by the literary journal Out of Print

          MAYO COLLEGE GIRL’S SCHOOL, Ajmer

          MODY SCHOOL, Lakshmangarh


Second Prize (shared)

          DPS Ludhiana

          SCHOOL


Third Prize (shared)

          DPS NOIDA

          DPS NOIDA


HONOURABLE MENTIONS

          NEEV ACADEMY, Bangalore

          DPS, HISAR

          BRITISH COED HIGH SCHOOL, PATIALA

          DPS, NOIDA






Kodaikanal Gandhi Prize 2022, First Prize - Mehuli Goswami

The Kodaikanal Gandhi Prize 2022

First Prize 

(shared)


MEHULI GOSWAMI 

Revisiting the Mahatma in the Age of Polarisation


Every page of the newspaper that I turn, fills my head with doubts and disappointments. Each page carries bold headlines etched like scars on paper, reporting instances of raging political extremism, intolerance, terrorism and callous hate speeches. Every morning my passive eyes scan through the pages and I purse my lips while my mind buzzes with thoughts of the grim reality and an over-darkened future. It makes me wonder if ‘leaders’ are becoming blind to the chaos ensuing in the world or if we are waiting for trouble to hit the roof till it’s time for action. These media reports showcase a clear reflection of our present society based on divisive affiliations devoid of humanity.

Somewhere amidst the hollow cries for rights, revolution and war, the essence of freedom and its subsequent responsibility lies forgotten. Activists, politicians, and citizens all raise a cry for individual liberty without first understanding that freedom is followed by immense responsibility. Everyone wants to claim his or her right to free speech, action and association without first determining their duties which are due to other fellow beings. This animalistic greed and absolutism are especially widespread in this era, attributes to easy access to the masses through the internet, revolutionised print media and numerous news channels. This stems from a place of collective insecurity where the only path of survival is by trampling upon your brethren. In India, it is evident by way of increased communal disharmony, militancy, hate speech, religious fundamentalism, fake news and majoritarian party politics.

The present social and political situation in our country reminds me of a great mind who claimed that individual rights and civil liberties must go hand in hand with societal harmony. With two World Wars fought in his lifetime, his revolutionary ideas of non-violence and satyagraha, seemed like an anachronism to an age drunk on retaliatory violence, mass destruction and brutal suppression. The ‘naked fakir’ as he was called in the West, held civil rights and individual liberty to the highest esteem, pioneering a nationalist movement based on the search for truth and non-violence. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi or the ‘Mahatma’ a name given by Rabindranath Tagore has left behind a crucial legacy affirming individual rights and liberties, which can be interpreted as a distinct message in today’s day and age.

Gandhiji said, ‘Freedom of speech and civil liberty, are the very roots of Swaraj. Without these the foundations of Swaraj will remain weak’. His unequivocal stance on these issues guided his non-violent struggle against colonial rule in twentieth-century India. As maintained by Gandhiji, the ideas of freedom, rights, duties and responsibility on the individual level were tributaries to the intangible river of Swaraj. For Gandhiji, the notion of Swaraj was interlinked to Satyagraha or the truth force, since it was the only means through which the masses could reclaim their rights and perform their duties. According to Mahatma Gandhi, ‘Swaraj’ or self-rule was a dual doctrine where the individual is granted autonomy and liberty to search for truth and take responsibility for various civil duties while the nation, as a whole, salvages its independence from foreign imperialism and establishes self-governance. Therefore, ‘Swaraj’, as described by Gandhiji, was not only comprised of self-governance but was based on the principles of a constantly evolving individual having an immense capacity for dispassionate self-assessment, self-reliance and self-mastery. Gandhiji proclaimed, ‘In the democracy that I have envisaged ... there will be equal freedom for all. Everybody will be his own master.’ For the Mahatma, freedom for each individual irrespective of his or her gender, social background, economic status, religious affiliation or ethnicity, was extremely vital. He observed, ‘Real Swaraj (freedom) will come, not by the acquisition of authority by a few, but by the acquisition of the capacity by all to resist authority when abused’. This magnanimous statement rings especially true when contrasted with the contemporary social and political scenario in India, where the rule of the majority seems to be drowning out the persistent whispers of the minority. 

The Indian democratic framework, although based on the guiding principles of equality, freedom and secularism, is progressively shifting towards a more majoritarian approach. Instances of violence and virulence on communal lines have been increasing, ranging from the mass exodus of Kashmiri Pandits, the 2002 Gujarat Riots, to the recent incident where government officials tore down the homes of Muslim rioters when a clash broke out between Hindu and Muslim groups in Madhya Pradesh, the alleged use of spy software against politicians, the peremptory exercise of the colonial sedition statute and cursory hate speeches aimed at hurting religious sentiments. It has been quoted in the book named The Mahatma, Vol VI, ‘The rule of majority does not mean that it should suppress the opinion of even an individual if it is sound. The opinion of an individual should have greater weight than the opinion of many, if that opinion is sound on merits. That is my view of real democracy.’

Although, Gandhiji emphasised a stateless democratic society, for him tyranny of the majority was never a solution. The emphasis on the individual was so great in his philosophy that the opinion of the masses ranked lower than that of a person. Gandhian principles, therefore focus on the individual as the central driving force for all change achieved through persistent Satyagraha. Gandhiji mentioned in Young India, ‘The rule of majority has a narrow application, i.e., one should yield to the majority in matters of detail. But it is slavery to be amenable to the majority, no matter what its decisions are. Democracy is not a state in which people act like a sheep. Under democracy, individual liberty of opinion and action is jealously guarded. I therefore, believe that the minority has a perfect right to act differently from the majority.’

Gandhiji believed that freedom of speech, action, and association were the life force of a pluralistic and democratic society such as India. However, the exercise of these rights to suppress the voices of another was diametrically opposite to his philosophy. If the right to free speech or expression of one individual curtails the rights of another individual, it is not freedom at all but archaic and subtle domination. In this context, according to Gandhian philosophy, freedom is akin to a flimsy eye-wash attempting to cover up its absence and inadequacy. 

Gandhiji led by example and propagated that banning certain destructive elements did not justify the elimination of rights or the vehement slaughter of human beings. He believed that prohibition must take place through constructive persuasion and gradual change in mentality rather than through coercive measures. M.K. Gandhi observed in Young India, ‘We must patiently try to bring round the minority to our view by gentle persuasion and argument.’

On the other hand, Mahatma Gandhi was against the formation of an autocratic minority who would ignore the needs and aspirations of the people to further their fanatic objectives. The solution to the limitations of a democratic society was not the emergence of a despotic minority community in retaliation to aggressive majoritarianism. The minority in this context must act like an interjector to the pre-eminence of the majority without the abuse of violence, virulent speech or schismatic policies. The superiority of the majority over the minority is as undemocratic as the security of privileges of minority communities over the rights of the general public.

The Constitution of India grants to the citizens of India, the fundamental right to freedom of speech and expression under Article 19 (1)(a). It implies that all citizens of the country have the right to express their views, opinions, beliefs etc. freely by mouth, writing, printing or through any other means. Article 19(1)(b) and 19 (1)(g) guarantee to its citizen, the right to free assembly without arms, to form unions, and to practice any profession or reside in any part of the country respectively. Nevertheless, the Constitution provides the above-mentioned rights within the context of reasonable restrictions to ensure that individual rights do not interfere with national security and the well-being of other citizens. However, the prevailing scenario highlights the fact that the significance of these restrictions is lost to political leaders as well as ordinary citizens. These rights were granted to amicably discuss and put forward multitudinous prospects to embody the spirit of pluralistic Indian society. The prime objective of the makers of the Constitution was to ensure that the State does not override the needs and aspirations of its citizens and instead acts as a guardian ensuring all-around development and well-being. The ideas of free speech, action and opinion are taken for granted and often abused to further selfish and indifferent goals without any consideration for the harm they might cause to the sensibilities of other people. The use of free speech is essentially null and void if it is exerted to snatch away the freedom of another individual or manipulated to cause distress to a community. The manhandling of freedom of speech and expression has disastrous consequences for society witnessed in recent times through the commotion caused by careless remarks of leaders against religious figures. Therefore, as Gandhiji emphasised, simply claiming the right of free action, opinion or expression for oneself is devoid of any value if the same is not guaranteed to others. Raghavan Iyer, aptly observes the following lines in his book, The Moral and Political Thought of Mahatma Gandhi, ‘Gandhi equated freedom with self-rule because he wished to build into the concept of freedom the notion of obligation to others as well as to oneself while retaining the element of voluntariness that is the very basis of freedom. The notion of self-rule implies the voluntary internalisation of our obligation to others which will be obstructed by our placing ourselves at the mercy of our selfish desires.’ 

Thus, in my modest opinion, although Gandhian ideals in present-day India seem utopian in comparison to our sombre reality, it is the perfect time to revisit his teachings and implement them in a renewed fashion. The exemplar Gandhian propositions of Satyagraha and Swaraj have been reduced to mere hypotheses without any practical application. Yet in these turbulent times with shifting geo-political strategies, internal turmoil, vote bank politics, and fake news, the ideas of Mahatma Gandhi are gaining importance. The use of rationalisation instead of force and individual Swaraj are the two ways to handle the rapid polarisation of Indian politics. 

The lessons from the legacy of the Mahatma need to be re-learned and executed to temper the various evils prevailing in our society from sectarian politics, religious fundamentalism, abuse of Fundamental Rights of free speech and expression and rising intolerance. In conclusion, the essence and vitality of freedom of speech and action can be condensed in the following excerpt from Mahatma Gandhi’s speech at the Congress session in Ahmedabad in 1921, ‘This resolution is ... a humble and an irrevocable challenge to authority which in order to save itself wants to crush freedom of opinion and freedom of association – the two lungs that are absolutely necessary for a man to breathe the oxygen of liberty; and if there is any authority in this country that wants to curb the freedom of speech and freedom of association, I want to be able to say in your name, from this platform, that that authority will perish, unless it repents, before an India that is steeled with high courage, noble purpose and determination, even if every one of the men and women who choose to call themselves Indians is blotted out of the earth.’


MEHULI GOSWAMI

DPS, NAVI MUMBAI


Kodaikanal Gandhi Prize 2022, First Prize - Havisha Singh

The Kodaikanal Gandhi Prize 2022

First Prize 

(shared)


HAVISHA SINGH

‘Claiming the right of free opinion and free action as we do, we must extend
the same to others. The rule of majority when it becomes coercive is as intolerable
as that of a bureaucratic minority.’ (M.K. Gandhi, Young India, 26-1-1922). 
Do these words have relevance in India today? Give examples.


Indian Independence heralded new values, ushering in a revolutionary transformation that declared democracy and gave its citizens the taste of political participation and freedom. M.K. Gandhi’s ‘practical idealism’ during the turbulent time and the radical ideologues of independence laid the groundwork for the pillars of fundamental rights. The constitution, guaranteeing the right to equality and freedom of expression, weaved the fragmented strands of the society into a unified nation and achieved what had seemed elusive before. But time isn’t linear, it’s circular. Earlier, we had to fight to get rights, now we have to fight to exercise them. Today, the question isn’t about the guarantee of freedom of speech and action, but about accessibility.

The prevailing politics that mask the importance of governance with ‘government’ are changing the coordinates of the country’s legal framework and judicature, which are now filled with complacent inertia and ignorance. It has led to a narrow and impoverished view that democracy is synonymous with majority rule. In a country whose history is rife with communal tensions and majority-minority conflicts, this ostensible view has further aggravated the existing inequality. The majority exploits the guaranteed fundamental rights, dissects them and gives the bare minimum to the people who do need it and will use it to shake the prevailing dormancy. The ones who will use them to deliberate matters of jurisprudence and push for reforms. Call it the slippery slope fallacy in favour of the people with economic advantage and political ties or the ubiquitous glass ceiling over the people with no assets but their voice, claiming the right of free opinion and action has always been limited to certain groups and often excluded the ones who demand change.

It is the despotism of the majority that is inimical to the protection of minorities. It gives rise to measures that enable certain groups to disenfranchise minorities from exercising their rights and sideline the associated normative problems. India has witnessed extreme incidents where majority rule has led to polarisation and bloodshed. Communism, linked with dogmatic ideals and religious fundamentalism of the majorities, weakened the country’s unity and led to partition. It inflamed the majority in Kashmir and consequently led to various communal tensions. The list of communal riots and massacres is long including the 1961 Jabalpur riots, 1969 Ahemdabad riots, 1984 Sikh riots, 1987 Meerut riots, 1989 Bhagalpur riots, 1992 Mumbai riots, 2002 Gujarat riots etc [1]. All these promoted majoritarian interests, fuelled a disturbing rise in intolerance and violence, and weakened the constitutional safeguards placed for the minorities.

India had developed a unique asymmetrical federal model that accommodated various ethnicities and diverse cultures. With the motto of ‘unity in diversity’, it sought to connect all with the spirit of nationalism. This nationalist sentiment recognised a sense of common identity among its citizens which would transcend group identities based on ‘caste, creed, and religion’ that divided them. However, this has been replaced with ethnocentrism in recent times. Changes in media have also fanned the flames of polarisation as biased and partisan-leaning outlets have become increasingly influential, at the expense of nonpartisan news sources. Social media, in many cases, amplifies these sources and has given rise to hate speech (especially against minorities) which spreads like wildfire. There has also been an increase in vigilante groups and mobs attacking minorities, activists, and human rights defenders, often with impunity. The number of people charged with sedition by the government is on the rise as the difference between government criticism (when people voice their concerns and exercise their right to freedom of speech and expression) and contempt towards the government becomes increasingly blurred. It is, again, majoritarianism that routinely allows the government to run amok in passing laws or enforcing them at will. It has led to a system that combines elements of majoritarianism and federalism which is likely to trigger a host of political and constitutional crises. These propensities lead to misuse of power, marginalisation of minorities and cement polarisation instead of overcoming it. There has also been a rise of divisive political leadership, competitive caste politics and political hegemony; all of which have politically manipulated social divisions in an already fragmented society. It can be seen in various instances that even different levels of courts don’t weaken judicial majoritarianism, hence undermining legal decisions, discussions and dissent. These tendencies, which weaken the integrity and transparency of the government, should be questioned against the backdrop of the constitutive promise of our country.

In M.K. Gandhi’s words: ‘The greater the institution, the greater the chances of abuse; democracy is a great institution and, therefore, it is liable to be greatly abused.’ It is alarming to see the dissolution of the fundamental tenets of the constitution to the forces of majoritarianism. It has deepened social tensions, stifled pluralism, fostered corruption and weakened institutional performance. The concomitant obstructions in the emergence of social consensus on critical political questions have reinforced divisions and weakened the accessibility of fundamental rights for the marginalised minority. As said by Supreme Court judge D.Y. Chandrachud, ‘Any semblance of majoritarian rule, any clampdown on civil liberties or religious freedom upset a sacred promise made to the ancestors who accepted India as their constitutional Republic.’ Hence, it is important to determine the key fault lines and fine-tune the balance between the ‘rule of many’ and the ‘rights of few’.

The Indian Constitution holds the view that the solution to India’s mosaic of acute ethnic, religious, cultural and caste divisions lay not in perpetuating these existing distinctions, but in transcending them in favour of secularism, nationalism and equality of opportunity for all. The democratic ideals, as affirmed in the governing principle of the preamble, emphasise equality for all citizens irrespective of their social and caste affiliations. The Constitution is sacrosanct when it comes to mandated political representation in favour of minorities and prohibiting targeted discrimination or vilification of minorities. In fact, the special rights and reservations for minorities are designed to bring about equality by ensuring the preservation of minority institutions and by guaranteeing autonomy in the matter of administration of these institutions.

However, despite the aims of these articles and acts, the infractions of the human rights of minorities still persist. This development implies that it is one thing to promulgate laws forbidding rights infringements in society and quite another to implement legislation that could curtail such breaches, particularly when they run against the interests of powerful groups in a polity. The conflict between majority-minority institutionalises ethnic entitlement, segregates accessibility of fundamental rights and reinforces inequality. This raises an important question about the effectiveness of constitutional protections with reference to minority rights and whether the government is working in the interest of minority groups or not.

The existing laws are often too weak in achieving the intended goals of reducing ethnic violence and secessionist mobilisation. Inter-ethnic tensions, divisions and exclusion that remain unaddressed can easily become a source of instability and conflict. Dealing efficiently with minority-majority relations is central to achieving durable peace. In this regard, the protection of minorities and the extension of fundamental rights are essential in order to achieve democratic security, communal harmony and comprehensive development. It is important to prevent actions that stoke communal hatred, create deep fissures in society, and lead to fear and mistrust of authorities among minority communities. The government must protect and safeguard the rights of the minority and uphold the universal standards of tolerance and intercultural dialogue. It is important to promote the constitutional principles that advocate inclusive growth and equal fundamental rights. Another pressure point is the representation of the minorities’ interests among the majority and how their presence impacts the composition of the political parties and the nature of public policy framed.

Gandhi wanted India to be a harmonious collection of religious communities that were to be treated as equals and had envisioned a nation premised on the idea of a polity governed by allegiance to the principles of tolerance and respect for India’s diversity, the protection of all its minorities, and the fundamental right to equality and liberty. The current issues and how India overcomes them will signify the resurgence of social cohesion and the rise of an indisputable democracy.


HAVISHA SINGH
DPS, CHANDIGARH

Kodaikanal Gandhi Prize 2022: Prize for Creative Expression - Siddhi Deshmukh

The Kodaikanal Gandhi Prize 2022 

Prize for Creative Expression

(Shared)


SIDDHI DESHMUKH

Break the Cycle


‘Don’t you want to take that?’

On the table Aisha’s phone buzzed, vibrating silently. ‘Mom’ flashed on the screen. She took a quick look and turned it off. Her father smiled at her across the table.

‘Atta girl.’ He said, his eyes twinkling, ‘Nights like these are seldom enjoyed, don’t you think so? Don’t want any trouble, do we?’

Aisha smiled at her father, grateful for his company. He gave her a warm smile in return and piled some food onto his plate. She found herself nodding and smiling at everything he told her that evening. Moths fluttered outside the restaurant window, clinging to the light bulb. The sombre December chill crept across the restaurant to Aisha. She shivered and pulled her jacket closer.

‘Are you okay?’ Her father’s brow creased. ‘Should I drop you home?’

‘No!’ Aisha said quickly. ‘I mean, it's okay. I’ll not get a cold or something.’

He nodded uncertainly and pulled his gaze down to the food, as did Aisha. A silence of two minutes ensued, except for the constant clinking of the knives and forks against the plates.

Aisha took a deep breath and willed herself to talk about the subject she was here for.

‘So, I’ve been thinking,’ she started, her gaze focused on her food. ‘About college. And where I want to go.’

Her father nodded enthusiastically. ‘It's never too late to think about college, you’re what – fifteen – or are you sixteen?’

Aisha forced a smile. ‘I’m sixteen.’

‘Right,’ he said, chewing. ‘Where do you want to go?’

‘IIT,’ Aisha answered, without missing a beat. ‘I want to go to IIT.

Her father looked up, his eyebrows knitted themselves together. A dark look clouded his eyes and Aisha gulped.

‘IIT?’ he said, a dangerous lilt to his voice.

‘Yes,’ Aisha spoke hurriedly. ‘It's the best institute for –’

‘I know what IIT is,’ he interrupted, wiping his hands on the napkin. ‘Why IIT, out of all the

places?’

‘Because,’ she said, choosing her words carefully, ‘I want to be an aerospace engineer. And to do that I will have to study STEM. So IIT seemed like the best choice.’

‘STEM?’ Her father asked, still not meeting her eyes.

‘Yes,’ Aisha said, ‘It means Science Technology –’

‘I know what STEM means.’ His voice rose an octave and Aisha flinched. He was now looking straight into her eyes. ‘Why do you out of all the people, wish to pursue the hardest of courses?’

‘Because I’m interested.’ Her voice was barely a whisper. ‘I want to become an aerospace engineer.’

‘Do you even know anything about it?’

‘Yes!’ She said quickly. Her vision blurred, and she hastily wiped her eyes. ‘My mother teaches me. I got the highest marks in class in my examinations. Did you know that?’

‘Your mother,’ Her father scoffed and said harshly, ‘Yes I see how well your mother has done in the field of science. Can she even support herself without my money?’

Aisha was silent.

‘Can she?’ He asked her again, throwing the napkin on the plate.

‘No,’ Aisha said, colour flooding into her cheeks. ‘She cannot.’

‘Then what success will you achieve, going to IIT?’

Aisha gritted her teeth. ‘But you let Arjun go to CalTech!’

‘Arguing about this is foolish.’ Her father stood up, almost knocking the chair back. ‘I’ll drop you home.’

Her chair scraped the wooden floor noisily as she stood up. Her eyes were red, and with her mouth pursed, she refused to look at her father as she followed him to the car.

They rode back to Aisha’s house in silence save for the Bollywood songs playing softly on the radio. Aisha looked out the window and saw the winking lights of the indulgent Mumbai skyline.

She rolled down the windows and took a deep breath, almost tasting the salt on her lips.

‘Aisha,’ Her father said suddenly, ‘Think about this. Please.’

The note of desperation in his voice took Aisha aback. She looked at him. His eyes were trained on the road.

‘I just...’ He shook his head, turning the radio off. ‘I just don’t want you to become like your mother.’

Aisha opened her mouth to protest but he cut her short.

‘We fought so much, Aisha. Your mother and I. You were so small. These visits – the short amount of time we have with each other – are dearly brought. These are a privilege for me. I had to fight for it, Aisha. I had to fight for you.’

Aisha was bereft of words. ‘I – I don’t know what to say.’

Her father didn’t say anything. He reached for the radio and turned it back on.

Soon, the car stopped to a standstill in front of Aisha and her mother’s apartment. It was a small dingy building, with little to no facilities, but it was home. Aisha saw the way her father looked at it. His mouth turned up in disgust, and his eyebrows arched. But Aisha did not care, it was the apartment she was raised in, an apartment brought by her mother’s hard-earned money.

‘Look, Aisha,’ he said at last. ‘I hope you can understand me. I need you to break this cycle of failure between you women. Ah!’ He broke off and added as he looked at his phone, smiling wanly. ‘Look at the date, Aisha. It's the 2nd of October. You know what Bapuji said, ‘Be the change you want to see in the world.’ So start with yourself, Aisha. Listen to me.’

‘Actually,’ Aisha said before she could stop herself. ‘That is not what he precisely said. He had said ‘We but mirrored the world... if we could change ourselves, the tendencies in the world would also change... We need not wait to see what others do.’ Did you know what he said it for? That is his attempt to engage women and the masses in his non-violence movement.’ She hesitated before saying, ‘That seems like the opposite of what you’re doing.’ She turned on her heel, about to leave when she remembered. ‘And thank you for the dinner. Truly.’

She turned and strode to her apartment. Distantly, she heard her father’s groan of frustration and the loud noise of a car door slamming.

Aisha reached her house and as her finger hovered over the doorbell, the door swung open, revealing her mother’s smiling face.

‘I knew you were downstairs.’ She gave Aisha a conspiratorial grin, ‘I thought I heard raised voices.’

Aisha groaned and walked inside, dropping into a chair. ‘He wouldn't let me go to IIT. You were right.’

‘So what.’ Her mother shrugged and said promptly. ‘We don’t need his approval. He didn’t let me go, now he won’t let you go. But I still studied, didn't I?’ She twisted her face and mimicked Aisha’s father’s deep voice. ‘‘Be the change you want to see in the world.’’ She chuckled. ‘He used to tell me the same thing. As if!’ She cupped her daughter’s cheeks. ‘I have taught you the whole thing, haven’t I?’

Aisha smiled and nodded despite the heaviness that weighed her down. She melted against her mother’s touch and reached to wrap her in her arms. Both mother and daughter sunk into each other’s embrace.

‘What about the fees?’ Aisha whispered into her mother’s shoulder, ‘We are not that well-off.’

‘About that.’ She felt her mother’s lips twisting into a smile. ‘I got the job.’

Aisha gasped and leapt out of the embrace. She held her mother’s hands, her joy was indescribable. ‘You got the job!’

‘Yes,’ her mother grinned ear to ear. ‘I start Monday as the physics teacher.’

‘I’m so happy for you,’ Aisha kissed her mother on the cheek. ‘This is huge.’

After the divorce, Aisha’s mother worked odd jobs, to support herself and Aisha. Aisha was no more than three years old, barely old enough to be left alone and they could not afford a nanny. She tried her best to support them financially while letting her daughter pursue her passion for science.

‘I have decided,’ Aisha told her mother when she graduated. They had gone out to a nearby cafe, to have french fries and drink milkshakes. ‘I want to be just like you.’

‘No, my dear.’ Aisha’s mother had said, ‘You are going to be better. You are my daughter, but that does not mean you are going to be an extension of me. In the end, you are your father’s daughter also. Cherish him and maybe,’ her eyes twinkled, ‘he might just change.’

‘I am going to break the cycle as he told me to,’ Aisha said, her mouth full of fries. ‘Just … not in the way he thinks.’

‘Atta girl,’ her mother reached out across the table and ruffled Aisha’s hair. ‘I’m so proud of you.’

‘And I, you,’ Aisha said, smiling widely.

If time could freeze itself, Aisha thought, it would be in this very moment. In a few months, she would be in IIT, pursuing her passion and chasing her dream. ‘Be the change you want to see in the world.’ Gandhi had coined this phrase long back for a different reason, in a different context. Certainly not for a single mother and daughter struggling to make ends meet. Any change, no matter how big or small should be first initiated by the one who wants it to happen.

In the small corners of the world, the words of Gandhi find their home. Such was the story of Aisha and her mother. Both have miles to go and even more changes to bring about.


SIDDHI DESHMUKH

MAYO COLLEGE GIRL’S SCHOOL, AJMER


Awarded by the Literary Journal, Out of Print


Kodaikanal Gandhi Prize 2022: Prize for Creative Expression - Insha Parvez

The Kodaikanal Gandhi Prize 2022 

Prize for Creative Expression

(Shared)


INSHA PARVEZ

Immortal Righteousness

Burning cities, flares of rage and chemical skies; what happened to this country? Where is thy democracy? Where is thy equality? I sat there, under the blistering sun, with my broken trust, watching cityscapes turn to dust.

13th August, 2022

Dear diary,

The clocks struck 13; 12:58, 12:59 ... and ... 1:00! It was time, it was a dark hour for the citizens of India and a contemptible one for its government. Colourful people with colourless faces, white with fury, thronged the streets of Delhi – the saffron in the flag disintegrating with every man injured, the white falling apart with every bullet fired, and green, ahh ... well the green! What do we even say about the green, it had started deteriorating, rupturing, moving away from the country, ever since independence, where no party, no government, mustered the strength to find the pieces, to put it back together again.

Indians are nothing but common people, with common hopes, with common wants; but what has made them uncommon in their own country is their religion, their belief, their identity, which these politicians, the said ‘emissaries’ of secularism and liberty, are trampling under their feet. This is what they’re discussing in the parliament today too – how is the government going to curb the myriad of protests all over the country? How will they convince the citizens that, what couldn’t be done in 75 years, would just be done within a span of 1 year?

I was tired, I really was, of all the false hopes, of all the inter-community conflicts, of all the pseudo development, and that is why I was there too, along with a thousand others, to get my voice heard, to call-out all the injustice, to speak for the just. What was supposed to be a peaceful gathering (a crowd of furious, still civilised citizens) turned brutal, harsh, barbaric, with the blink of an eye. I was surprised for it didn’t even take an hour.

The sun rose right up our heads, no shadows in sight, and there went the furious youth, inundated with emotions, and rocks in their palms. Within two minutes the sky displayed a panorama of gravel and stones, an appalling sight; it seemed as if the whole of the earth had come together to imbibe that circular architecture. Police vehicles blazing here, weeping children clung to their mothers’ chests there, it was truly the most apocalyptic form of India, of my motherland, I had ever seen. I would never forget the shrieks and cries of that young Dalit boy, merely twenty-five, thrashed with a baton for lashing at a cop, but then I thought of his plight, of how he perhaps died a thousand deaths, before singing his final death song, still beseeching equality, still beseeching acceptance.

With great sorrow I say, how has humanity come this way? I weep, I plead, I pray, all I ever wanted was peace and love, but ferocity and cruelty to me they repay. Oh Lord Tell me how! How in the world did humanity come this way?

Even in chaos, one can find peace and there he was, the only static, and serene person in a world full of turbulence. You know what they say. ‘Light can be found even in the darkest of times, only if one remembers to turn on the light’ and he was there, being yet again, the light we needed, the light I needed. I saw him with my hyperopic vision, sitting just as gracefully as ever, with his head held high, his backs toward us, but something was abnormal – the smile, a smile so bright, that drove out the foreign intruders, a smile that changed the lives of thousands of Indian forever, wasn’t there, it had disappeared, it was nowhere to be found. How could that have happened? How did humanity fail him like this?

Shockingly, in its place, there was a tired, broken frown, something never seen before, something unexpected. It shattered me.

All of it hit me at once, what was I doing? Why was I just becoming another one of those aggressive, frenzied people that I’ve always despised? Though it may be for an ethical cause, how could I’ve broken my virtues, my ethos, right in front of the person whose ideals I’ve followed all throughout my life, whose entire life journey has been nothing but a source of inspiration for me. I failed him. With this realisation, I felt a tiny teardrop fall on the back of my hand, and before I knew it I was sobbing, incessantly, a very peculiar type of sob that I thought might never stop all together.

Why do you weep child? You’ve come a long way, gather yourself up, free yourself; you haven’t failed me, but by dishonouring yourself, you’ll just fail yourself.

My tears flowed relentlessly, I loathed myself for getting involved in savagery, for being there and not feeling contrite, for witnessing violence and standing there unshaken, just motionless. I still don’t know whether it was the ravaging circumstances, or my ravaged state, that made me a hear that curious crack, a crack so faint, yet so loud, it sounded something like a broken heart. In a minute’s span, Gandhi's statue crumbled, disintegrating more and more with every passing second, as if it had enough, as if it had seen enough. What a tragic sight!

It broke me, the cruelty of this ‘independent’ world. Fires breathing with gusts of wind, dissident citizens, unbothered government, it crumbled me. This sham of an independence, shattered me.

His frigid physique as it touched the firm ground, lay shattered, but I saw it taking a form which was least anticipated, something right out of a dream, a ‘hallucination’. A figure – barely 5’6” tall, frail, yet robust at heart, stood right before me. IT WAS HIM! Mahatma Gandhi – the man, the myth, the legend, who stood there smiling, benevolently. The universe might call me insane, but it truly was him, his guidance, his wisdom, that I needed at that moment. I needed it to develop faith in myself, my ideals and this iffy world.

There is good in this world – it is there in those violent protestors, those cynical politicians, I believe in it. For it was the goodness that drove that poor man to seek pacification, cry for the wounded, he discovered it; if he can, so can even the stubbornest of the stubborns.

He spoke to me, softly but firmly, ‘There is not much of a difference between us for you are fighting the system and I fought the British, the only difference is, that I made my voice heard not with a stick, but with truth, honesty, ahimsa. You are a decent man, and so is everyone present here, but to fight brutality with brutality, is to admit one’s moral and intellectual bankruptcy. Take the initiative, don’t quieten the fire within you, make your demands heard, be sturdy, but don’t deviate from the paths of ahimsa, for violence can make people hear, but it won’t make them understand. Be the change that YOU want to see in the world, and then see the world change’.

Those words right there, they changed my life forever, they reignited in me the fire of righteousness that I thought had been doused, they made me believe in my capability to speak for the right cause, to make the change that I’ve always relied on others for. I felt Gandhi ji’s presence with me, I felt all the universe’s morality with me. In a gentle way, you can shake the world, and with that, I got up.

An eye for an eye makes the whole world blind, are of all the same kind?

In the roof of peace take a stand; for heaven’s sake, don’t let blood mix with the sand.

Embers of rage still covered the street, but this time, in my cause I believed.

Flames shone, burned in my eyes, wrath in my soul, but I sat there, right in the middle of the street, with serenity in my heart. Dead men, dead spirits, and dead hopes, all lay there together at once, yet I sat, now more firmly than before. ‘This belief of mine won’t be budged! We need justice, we need truth, for it the government must be shaken, but in this battle, our morals cannot be forsaken. Ahimsa cannot be forgotten, Mahatma Gandhi cannot be forgotten’, I yelled sturdily.

The violence failed to cease, I yelled some more, and more, and more ... I yelled with determination, grit and hope, for Gandhi ji was still with me, the aura of his presence progressively heightening, rather than diluting. 2 people joined in, batons were thrown. 6 people joined in, firearms were abandoned, 20 people joined in, the crowd calmed down, 50 people joined in, 70, 80, 100; humanity had been reunited by the path of righteousness again, non-violence overpowered violence again, Gandhi ji saved us yet again.

The same fight, yet again, only the time is different. The morale of humanity is saved again. They will disregard you, but how long? They’ll ignore you, they’ll laugh at you, then they’ll fight you, nevertheless from the pathway of good, you must not deviate, and that is how you’ll win.

Mahatma Gandhi freed us, this time from our wrong ways, he taught another generation, yet again how truth is our religion and ahimsa is the only way of its realisation. The spirits of the old days thronged the streets of Delhi, morality flowing in each ray of the sun, each particle of the environment. A big crowd of colourful Indians, reunified again.

Remembering the crumbled, broken statue I asked a fellow, ‘We’d have to find a way to fix the broken statue,’ and with great astonishment he said, ‘What broken statue, look it’s right there.’ And there he was, sitting just as gracefully as ever, with his head held high, but this time with a big smile on his face. He may have passed but his ideals would forever live in the hearts of the people, continue to inspire them, show them light, even in the darkest times, and teach them that ‘Goodness of heart, and non-violence can win even the most gruesome of battles’.


INSHA PARVEZ
MODY SCHOOL, LAKSHMANGARH


Awarded by the Literary Journal, Out of Print

Kodaikanal Gandhi Prize 2022, Second Prize - Aashi Uppal

The Kodaikanal Gandhi Prize 2022

Second Prize 

(shared)


AASHI UPPAL

Free Opinion: Not Mine or Yours, but Ours

‘Claiming the right of free opinion and action as we do, we must extend the same to others. The rule of majority when it becomes coercive is as intolerable as that of a bureaucratic minority. (M.K. Gandhi, Young India, 26-1-1922). 
Do these words have relevance in India today? Give examples.


Tolerance is giving to every other human being every right that you claim for yourself – Robert Green Ingersoll.

From as long as we can remember, India has always been a home for a diverse range of people, people coming from all walks of life, belonging to different regions, religions, cultures and languages. This unique quality of the subcontinent is what makes it stand out at a global level. Although, most of the time, these differences are celebrated with utmost enthusiasm and delight, the diversity in India’s population has not always played in its favour, which can otherwise serve as a source of great support and strength for the nation. It is rightly said that no two people think alike. That is the reason why we have differences of opinions in families and especially, joint families. Talking about India, where treating our fellow countrymen as brothers is rooted in our culture and upbringing (making whole of the population a huge join family) conflicts are bound to occur. If we flip through pages of history, we will come across many instances where our internal divisions grew to such an extent that their consequences can be sensed even in today’s political order. However, what cannot be ignored is the fact that whenever these disagreements gained control of us, outside forces took advantage of our vulnerability and caused a significant loss to the country as a whole. Such exploitation inflicted upon Indians knew no barriers of gender, caste, region or religion. For them, each and every habitant of the subcontinent, whom they aimed to exploit, had just one identity – INDIAN. It was only when the oppressed started raising their voices in unison, that the foreigners took advantage of our weak social order and established the ‘Divide and Rule’ policy. Unfortunately, the aftermath of this policy is that we are still entangled in this web of conflicts, where people hold grudges against each other and have become self-centered. What is essential is to resolve these conflicts in a way similar to that opted by any family, by healthy conversations. Unfortunately, all this is true in an ideal, utopian scenario, which is not the case in real life. You don’t believe me? Turn on any Indian news channel, you will surely find some breaking news where five people have come together to talk on some issue prevailing in the country, and are pursuing the blame-game in full swing. Those programs are titled as ‘Debates’, but are far from what a debate actually is, as everyone has something to say but not one lends his ears to listen. 

Mahatma Gandhi was one of the most prominent leaders in creating an independent India and in instilling nationalist sentiments amongst people. One of his key instruments that proved to be useful for people to relate to him was his newspaper, Young India. His writings mentioned of his encounter with adversities, how he handled them and the lessons he learnt during the process. They also illustrated his courage in the face of danger, his ability to understand the point of view of others and his unswerving adherence to stick to his principles. All of this enlightened people on various issues, resulting in a successful attempt to prepare them for a democratic future. Being a visionary from the very first day, his experiences in South Africa and those in India made him well aware of the challenges that were expected to be standing in front of the nation, even after independence, and he chose to address those challenges for his readers. One of his articles also included his take on the freedom of speech and expression. ‘Claiming the right of free opinion and free action as we do, we must extend the same to others.’ (MK Gandhi, Young India, 26-1-1922)

Way back in 1922, Gandhi was able to identify that it was extremely essential for people to recognise not just their own rights, but also those of others. If we expect ourselves to exercise complete freedom of opinion and actions, we must not, in any way, be an obstacle for others to do the same. Law is the same for all and our constitution practices Equality before Law.
The heart of Article 19 of the Indian Constitution says: ‘Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression, this right includes the freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.’ Article 19 of the Constitution is one of the fundamental elements of democratic rule, where each and every citizen has the right to voice his thoughts without any restriction. But people have not been able to interpret it aptly. While we greatly appreciate and act on this right for expressing our views, we fail to recognise the same right of others. The Constitution grants this liberty to all the citizens, so we must respect the expression of all, from the grass-root level.

‘Rights that do not flow from duty well performed are not worth having’ – Mahatma Gandhi

A particular section of society which is often neglected is the minority community. Being less in number, their representation in the elected government bodies is also less in comparison to other groups. The right to freedom of speech empowers all minority groups to have a say in matters that affect them and to express their disapproval if they feel that a decision is not in their favour. It is necessary to ensure that equal amount of attention is given to the interests of all the citizens and appropriate efforts are made to resolve the problems that they face on a regular basis (be it the majority or the minority community). Care must be taken to prevent the majority community to violate their rights and exercise complete control on the decisions made by the governing bodies, just on the basis of their number.

As Mahatma Gandhi rightly wrote in 1922 – ‘The rule of majority, when it becomes coercive, is as intolerable as that of a bureaucratic minority’. (MK Gandhi, Young India, 26-1-1922)

The need of the hour is Tolerance. To be tolerant to what others have to say, even if you yourself are in disagreement with it, is what constitutes a fair democracy. One needs to understand that every person has a unique thought process. Every individual perceives and interprets a given situation in his/her own different way, which may or may not be in alignment with our own opinions. However, each and every opinion that comes your way deserves the same amount of respect as your own. 

‘I do not agree with what you have to say, but I will defend to death your right to say it’ – Voltaire

However, voicing your point of view does not mean that you can violate the freedom of expression provided to spread hatred or resentment for any community. One must use his/her discretion while speaking about any third person and must have the right choice of words to express their ideas, especially in a country like India where people are deeply connected to their cultures, traditions and have strong nationalist sentiments. Ideas can be expressed in a variety of ways. It could be in the form of a speech, a petition, a poem, an art form, dance, song, paintings, anything. Peaceful protests can also prove to be instrumental in making your voice heard. Nowadays, when internet and social media are the talk of the town, their cautious and intelligent usage can be fruitful as well. 

To sum up, India can never be imagined without the beautiful differences of traditions, regions, religions, languages and festivals. India’s diversity must serve as its biggest strength. While the world admires this country for the various colours that it offers, it’s high time that we too, as Indians, start recognising this feature as something to be proud of. There are a lot more issues which Indians need to address as a united nation. It’s time to recognise ourselves, first and foremost, as people belonging to the same nation, linked together by a common struggle and a shared history. All other distinctions must come later. What needs to be engraved in the hearts of each and every citizen is respect for the thoughts, ideas and opinions of all groups of people, regardless of them belonging to the majority or the other way round. As William Feather said – ‘You never get people’s fuller attention than when you’re listening to them’ To ensure that what you say is treated in a significant manner, you ought to listen to others patiently first. Once this idea is imbibed by all, India can scale to newer heights of success and prosperity, while staying rooted and holding hands of all the people that walk on its land. As Sandra Feldman wrote in her poem ‘Respecting Differences’ that I highly resonate with – 
What does it mean to be free?
‘That I don’t have to think like you
Or you like me’
We can still be friends,
Get along in harmony,
Show mutual respect,
Even if we think differently.


AASHI UPPAL
DPS, LUDHIANA